Limitations on President Essay Example

Limitations on President Essay Among the specific factors which Newsstands work highlighted are Congress, the Supreme Court, the Constitution and its amendments, the federal system, mass media, pressure groups and the federal bureaucracy. Imperial presidency The term the imperial presidency gained popularity in the early sass as a consequence of Arthur Schlesinger book in 1973. Schlesinger charts the abuse of power by successive twentieth-century presidents, in particular Lyndon Johnson (1963-69) and Richard Nixon (1969-74), which was due to the growth of the US presidency since the sass. In 1964, during the Vietnam War, Congress passed an authorization, the Tonic Gulf Resolution which states that Congress approves and purports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. This wasnt so much a power grab by Lyndon Johnson as an abdication of the power of Congress as it was a blank queue which President Johnson took as the moral and equal equivalent of a declaration of war. The president is as imperial as the Congress, the press and the public allow him to be therefore there are effective limitations on the presidents power. In the President f the united States (1990), British academic David Mervin states his belief that the concept of the imperial presidency was always something of a click as it up images of the president as an emperor, a supreme sovereign authority, a master of all he survey which is clearly not the case. We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations on President specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations on President specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations on President specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In that sense the debate about the imperial presidency in US politics parallels closely the debate in the I-J about the position of the prime minister as an elective dictatorship a term coined by Lord Hails in the same decade. In Sam Athenians article in the Wall Street Journey of 27th December 2002, he illustrates some of the problems associated tit the imperial presidency debate. Athenians concludes the imperial president not a useful idea. It is an epithet, dredged up whenever a president combines strength with imagination. Presidents are, in sum, leaders not rulers which means of course, they are not imperial at all. Offices of persuasion Professor Richard Nauseated writes presidential power is he power to persuade. Where the I-J prime minister can wield real power, the US president must usually persuade: the prime minister commands; the president influences. In 2003, George W Bush proposed a $726 billion tax cut to Congress, one in which his Republicans had a charity in both Houses but the President headed out of Washington on a tour of targeted states to rally support for his proposal. The president uses formal and informal management techniques in an attempt to give their priorities an advantage in the Washington policy process. The Executive Office of the President has grown substantially since it was established in 1939, and now includes dozen separate units, including such important elements as the National Security Council, the Council of Economic Advisors and the Office of Management and Budget. These units have a role in bringing together expertise to help and support efficient administration-led policy making and implementation making it an ineffective limitation on presidential power. Tim Homes (2000) points out that the different political context within which presidential administrations operate and the electorate advantages with which an administration starts provide an individual framework of constraint on the presidential ability to persuade. Supreme Court The Supreme Court plays a vital role in checking and controlling the powers of the presidency. The court can damage a president and negate a particular activity. An example of this is shown with Roosevelt over his Court packing scheme which would eave enlarged its and curtailed the power of older members. The Supreme Court has power to argue against a bill if it is against the US Constitution. In the case of Ursula v Bush (2004), the Supreme Court ruled that the detainees at Augmentation Bay did have access to the US federal courts to challenge their detention, thereby striking down an important part of the Bush administrations legal policy regarding the war on terror. In 2005, when Bush approved unauthorized spying on US citizens after 9/1 1, the Supreme Court challenged this bill as it violated the Constitution. Charles Evans Hughes, the 1 lath Chief Justice of the Supreme Court once said, We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the Judges say it is. Since Mammary v Madison 1803 established the doctrine of Judicial review, the Supreme Court has been able to limit presidential powers by shaping the parameters of the Constitution to bring about social and legal change. The Supreme Court is effective in limiting the presidents powers as it is expected to be a Judicial body which is politically impartial and which must attempt to transcend passing political passions an uphold the eternal values of the Constitution. In the spirit of the British constitution, the premiership is undergoing change through the force of practice and convention. The result is of pure derivative of institutional authority or established arrangements of power so much as a qualitative shift in form and interior substance that transcends the formal infrastructure of Britains political system. In the I-J, the Courts are able to limit the powers of the prime minister through Judicial review. However the absence of a codified constitution makes Judicial review not so far-reaching. In particular, edges cannot overturn Acts of Parliament because of the principle of parliamentary sovereignty. Nevertheless they can determine the lawfulness of actions that are carries out on the basis of delegated legislation. This can be seen as an ineffective limitation on the presidency as some Presidents have the opportunity to elect new judges if a vacancy arises. Although the Supreme Court was able to limit Bushs power with regards to spying on US citizens, he was given the opportunity to elect 2 Republican Justices. Congress The president needs congressional support, and in the more assertive mood of Congress in recent years incumbents have found this difficult to achieve even with their own party in Control. Faced by hostility from Congress, Bush and Clinton in his last 6 years had difficulties in carrying out aspects of their programmer, resulting in gridlock, a situation in which the two branches of government were locked inch conflict. The tendency of Congress to appoint special prosecutors to probe every aspect of a presidents affairs, and the relentless media interest which this creates, have paralyzing impact on presidential policy. Investigations drag on, seemingly for artisan reasons, and there is always the ultimate borrow of the threat of impeachment. Although the case against Clinton originated in a sexual harassment case concerning Paula Jones, he east impeached as Silicons answers regarding his relationship with Monica Leninism, a former White House intern, were untruthful and the perjury involved enabled the Republican persecutor, Kenneth Starr, to recommend that President Clinton should be impeached in 1999. Four articles of impeachment were laid down before the House Judiciary Committee which in December 1998 voted to approve further action on all of them namely; Article 1 hearing perjury before Ken Stars federal grand Jury, Article 2 charging perjury in the Paula Jones deposition, Article 3 charging obstruction of Justice in the Paula Jones case and article 4 charging failure to respond to the 81 questions posed by the House Judicial Committee during the impeachment inquiry. Congress is an effective limitation on the presidency and powers vested within it as Congress function of oversight of the executive branch and has powers to subpoena documents and testimony, hold individuals in contempt if they fail to comply with Congresss demands. However unlike in the British Parliament, the executive is not present so there is no opportunity for Question Time in Congress. It is only in the committee rooms where members of the executive branch can be questioned so despite the whole of the executive branch being limited by Congress, limitations on the resident himself and his powers. The US Congress has more of difficult role in limiting the powers of the president and calling him to account than Parliament has simply because the executive branch arent members of the legislature as seen in the I-J. Federal bureaucracy Although the president has plenty of constitutional authority, he is limited by the federal bureaucracy. The federal bureaucracy has three principle functions, executing laws, creating rules and adjudication. The constitution states in Article 2 section that the president shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed and is the main reason why the president needs the federal bureaucracy. No modern president seems to have been able to stop and tame the bureaucracy, as a result the majority of the agencies created since the sass have survived intact into the twenty- first century. American writers burns et al make a series of fair observations when they write of one of the persisting paradoxes of the American presidency On the one hand, the institution is too powerful, and on the other, it is always too weak. It is too strong because in many ways it is contrary to the ideals of government by the people and decentralization of power. It is too weak because presidents seldom are able to keep the promises they make. The president is limited by the federal bureaucracy as it is the federal bureaucracy who are required to write the specific rules that decide how the laws will be executed. When compared to the I-J, the civil servants are in control, serving any government impartially, whatever its political complexion. They must carry out decision with which they personally may disagree and not involve themselves in any partisan activity. The issue regarding the federal bureaucracy is problematic as the problem of management and control of bureaucracies has become a central issue of modern democratic government. In addition, the federal bureaucracy is said to be insufficient especially due to the response of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to hurricanes Strain and Rata in 2005. Pressure groups Presidency groups can mobiles public opinion either for or against the president himself or his policies. President Clinton experience this in 1993-93 over his proposed healthcare reforms. The Health Insurance Association of American that aired the highly effective series of Harry and Louise commercials which went a long way to skippering the Presidents proposals by turning public opinion against them. Edward Achebe and Engel Seafood (1999) identified another close link between producer groups and the executive branch. Pressure groups are an effective limit n the presidents powers as they are able to use their representative function to ensure the president doesnt abuse his powers. Interest groups remain a powerful force in American politics as they continue to organize and represent significant sections of the community. As a result, they will continue to have a privileged claim on the attention of the executive branch and the president himself. In the I-J, pressure groups seek to influence and limit the power of the prime minister as they are the heart of the core executive which develop and make government policy. However pressure groups are ineffective as they priorities the need to shape the content of public policy. This was demonstrated with the National Farmers Union which works with the Department for Rural Affairs in implementing policies related to farm subsidies, disease control and animal welfare. Problems arise with pressure groups as they can be seen as being incompatible with a pluralist society where political resources and access to government are spread widely in the hands of many diverse groups. Pressure groups are fostering an elitist view of society in which lattice resources are in the hands of few not many. Media Administrations have taken media relations seriously for many years. Before the advent of the electronic media, successive presidential administrations had on occasion suffered from adversarial press coverage, and benefited from supportive reporting. What the media reports and say can have a profound limit to what presidents can do. President Theodore Roosevelt was an active campaigner for his policies, and believed that press dissemination of his energetic and well-structured speeches could act to maintain his proposals high on the public agenda, even to the extent of appealing directly to the public in an attempt to influence the congressional receptiveness to presidential initiatives. Newsstands analysis is central to the scholarship of the presidency, but it is not universally accepted. Among the dissenters, Charles O. Jones 1994, similarly accepts that the presidents authority is limited but Jones is not convinced by Newsstands argument that the resources exist whereby the system can in practice be adapted to become presidency-centered. This alternative to the Nauseated view points out the presidents media centrality is a result f recent developments in the communications industry, rather than the consequence of presidential actions, and argues that focusing in the president as the pivot of American government ignores the more complex reality of how American government operates. This indicates an individual level of constraint on the presidents powers. The media is an effective limit on presidential power as it assists with the success of a policy campaign. Success of this kind has proved a valuable asset in the longer term by enhancing an administrations reputation for influencing public opinion and political outcomes. In comparison, the media in the UK is becoming more critical of politicians. This was evident in battles between the Blair government and the BBC over allegations that, in the run-up to the Iraq War, the government had sexed up a dossier emphasizing the military threat posed by Iraq to the I-J. The medias coverage of politics has become more difficult for prime ministers to manage due to a tendency to hype, blurring if facts and interpretation and television increasingly following print media in its style of political and current affairs coverage. In British politics, Estelle Morris seemed like a misfit because she acted as a normal human being. When eccentrics are put in charge of a set of institutions, they will obviously modify their behavior to some extent; but they are likely to cause far more modification to the institution they inherit. Robbers arise as the presidency has not only an advantage in attracting media attention but that it also applies considerable resources to spin that attention to its greatest advantage. For all the work that goes into maintaining and developing the presidents media centrality this cannot be counted on always to offer the same potential and there are indications that media coverage of hard news, political news and the presidency itself has declined in recent years. Conclusion To conclude, there are very effective limitations on the presidents powers as the Founding Fathers intended whilst writing the US Constitution. Effective limitations include the other branches of government, Judiciary and legislature, due to their effective checks and balances on the executive branch in avoiding a tyrannical government. In addition, the media has proven an effective limitation s their role in providing vital information does influence public opinion and affect political outcomes as well as the presidents reputation. Other constraints include pressure groups and offices of persuasion however due to their person agendas limiting presidential power is not a priority resulting in effective constraints by these administrations. Lastly, the idea of an imperial president can be disregarded as the president is as imperial as his constraints allow him to be. Mark Garnett argues in comparison that the unconfined I-J constitution gives too much power to the Prime Minister and that the 2003 reshuffle underlined this problem rather than tackle it.

Classification Essay Sample on Halloween Costumes

Classification Essay Sample on Halloween Costumes A classification essay is not the most popular type of academic paper which students are required to write during their studying process. However, most of the academic subjects imply the demonstration of critical thinking, which means that at least once in their lifetime, all students will be supposed to create a classification essay sample. Therefore, being familiar with the steps of writing on the classification essay topics is necessary whether in humanitarian or technical disciplines. First of all, the core element of the classification essay is a category, namely a group of objects united by similar characteristics of the specific criteria. Hence, the second necessary element of the categorization process is the classification criteria according to which objects or their characteristics will be categorized. For instance, while writing about the literature genres, one may choose a â€Å"fiction/non-fiction† system of categorization, which means the division of literature genres in two categories: â€Å"fiction† and â€Å"non-fiction,† depending on the following categorization criteria that are the verity of the events. If the events stem from the author’s imagination with no relation to real experiences, the genre refers to the fiction literature. The opposite category to the fiction is non-fiction, which means that any story of non-fiction genres is based on real-life experiences. For instance, Alice in Wonderland is an example of fiction literature, while Dandelion Wine by Ray Bradbury, written as a memoir, is an accurate example of the non-fiction. ‘Halloween Costumes: Hold Your Heroes to High Standards’ Essay Sample There are two types of people: those who prepare for a holiday in advance that can take an entire year, and those who do their preparations at the last moment. It is not difficult for one to define themselves according to the classification above. However, when a person faces another classification, which is a classification of holiday costumes, namely the Halloween ones, the impediments of choice occur due to the variety of categories according to which the Halloween costumes can be categorized as following: metaphorical or real objects, real people or fictional characters, hand-made or bought, simple or complex, traditional or innovative. Each category is based on a specific criterion that defines the division of the groups: meaning, the truthfulness of the character, the way of creating the costume, the complexity of the latter, and time. All Halloween costumes can be divided into those based on metaphor, namely pun-based costumes, and those based on the meaning of real objects. A costume of a cat that includes ears, a tail, mustache, and black jeans reminds the viewer of a common cat anyone can meet in the street. However, if the costume has such details as the mask of Zorro and a bag with the sign of money, the viewer thinks of a â€Å"cat burglar† which changes the meaning of the entire costume from the direct to a metaphorical one. Another example is a costume of a sheep, where white color reminds the viewer of a farm animal, but when the color changes into the black, the whole costume obtains a different meaning, which is â€Å"black sheep† an extraordinary person, who does not suit into the crowd. Therefore, being based on the â€Å"meaning† criteria, the category discussed above is vast due to the variety of puns occurring each year in the spoken language. The second category of Halloween costumes unites the groups of â€Å"fictional† and â€Å"non-fictional† costumes. Here, the main criterion is the realness of the character. One can draw a parallel between the literary genres when differentiation is based on the real-life experiences or pure imagination of the author. The significant part of the Halloween costumes belongs to the fictional characters: Belle from Beauty and the Beast, Vincent Vega and Mia Wallace from the iconic Pulp Fiction, Cruella de Vil from 101 Dalmatians, and others. The list of fictional characters may endlessly continue due to the variety of the latter having been created for centuries. The group of non-fictional characters encompasses fewer characters than that of the fictional. Nowadays, the holiday participants prefer fictional characters due to the variety as well as the outer vividness and instant recognition in the crowd they possess. If one chooses the costume of a non-fictional character, then he or she may find some of them entertaining and meaningful enough for the fact that modern popular stars have turned their life into a life-lasting narration with an extraordinary image of themselves. While the costume of Abraham Lincoln or Thomas Jefferson is quite traditional and one-dimensional, the costumes of the modern stars may be challenging to compose. For instance, if one decides to dress like Lady Gaga or Beyonce, they will have to make reference in their attire to a specific music video that would make the costume recognizable for everyone. Therefore, both non-fictional and fictional characters may be a source of inspiration if one uses their imagination. The third category of costumes based on the criteria of item-making divides Halloween costumes into handcrafted or ready-made. Hand-made clothing is a costume manually created, commonly by a holiday participant, while ready-made costumes are available in any clothes stores and vary in price. Here, opinions about the advantages and disadvantages regarding both groups differ: while hand-made costumes are considered cheap because they do not require much time or financial resources, the ready-made costumes are expensive and unoriginal. However, the need for handcrafted or ready-made costumes depends on the simplicity and the required details. For instance, a plain white T-shirt, baggy jeans and a cap are enough to create an image of Eminem. Meanwhile, the creation of a Wonder Woman image will require the exact tiara, metallic bracelets and the entire outfit that the character wears in the same-called comics and the movie. The following category is based on the complexity of the Halloween costume according to which one can easily guess whether the person did the last minute or the whole-year preparations. Simple costumes are not complicated for anyone to create due to the clothes and details anyone can find at their home. For instance, the costumes of the Breakfast Club characters will require the vintage clothes everyone can find in their parents’ old wardrobe from the 1980s or 1990s. Further, the creation of a hippie image is also a simple task, as it will need grandmother’s clothes from the sixties. Meanwhile, if one’s grandmother was not a hippie but a common young woman and had pink clothes, then the creation of the Marvellous Mrs. Maisel’ character can be quickly planned. Meanwhile, the complex-made costumes require specific details that one has to buy at online costume shops or fan sites. For instance, the creation of the Harry Potter characters will require special robes, scarfs, and magic wands from the stores devoted to the Harry Potter books and films. The same refers to the construction of the Deadpool or Spiderman costume. The last category of the Halloween costumes encompasses two groups, which are traditional or innovative costumes, depending on whether the idea is new or old. As time passes, people innovate their old ideas about traditional costumes or create new images. However, innovations always coexist along with the traditions, which means that by innovating the traditional image, the latter acquires a new meaning. For instance, the notorious image of a witch from the folklore has been renovated in the 1990s by the iconic Halloween movie Hocus Pocus, a film telling a story of the three witches. Winifred Sanderson costume, one of the sisters, is the most popular among the Halloween fans famous for its â€Å"googly-one-eyed spell book, followed closely only by Winifred’s lust for eternal youth† (Horvat para. 4). Until then, people keep dressing in the costumes of such traditional creatures as ghouls, werewolves, cats, and ghosts that besides considered old-fashioned, can be still â €Å"terrifying or outright incomprehensible† (Edwards para.1). Without additional meaning, traditional costumes are considered unoriginal, and that is why, as it has been mentioned, the Halloween participants create innovative ideas that are mostly based on puns or the impersonations of characters from the late movies and series. Among the latter, the most popular Halloween costumes are an image of a prisoner from Orange is the New Black, a handmaid from The Handmaid’s Tale, as well as Daenerys Targaryen or Jon Snow from The Game of Thrones (Teather para. 16). Though the boundary between the traditional and innovative Halloween costumes is blurred, the definition of the costume’s traditionalism or innovativeness depends on the meaning of the image. Conclusively, Halloween costumes fall in different categories depending on the judging criteria. According to the meaning, the costumes are divided into metaphorical or real objects. According to the fictional or non-fictional experiences of the impersonated character, the costumes are the ones of real people or fictional characters, while according to the way the costume has been created, the Halloween attire can be hand-made or bought. As for the complexity, the costumes are simple or complex, and as for the time of creation, the Halloween wardrobe is traditional or innovative. However, all characteristics above can be changed by the addition or elimination of a certain meaning as it has been discussed in the examples of the Hocus Pocus witches or the costumes of modern celebrities. Concluding Remarks In brief, the classification essay divides objects into categories according to specific characteristics. The essay above demonstrates that the author has divided the Halloween costumes into categories, opposite to each other. For instance, the category of meaning encompasses two opposite groups of metaphorical and real-objects costumes. In the Introduction, the author summarizes the issue and the general categories with their determining criteria. Further, each paragraph of the Body explains the strengths and weaknesses of the category’s groups. For each category, the author has provided examples. The Conclusion paragraph summarizes the categories and restates the thesis statement. We hope that the example of the classification essay above not only helped you find an appropriate Halloween costume but also served as an accurate explanation for writing the classification essay. Edwards, Wyatt. â€Å"Old-Fashioned Halloween Costumes.† Halloween Costumes, 12 Jan. 2018, www.halloweencostumes.com/blog/p-1105-old-fashioned-halloween-costumes.aspx. Horvat, Kate. â€Å"DIY Hocus Pocus Costumes.† Halloween Costumes, 3 Oct. 2014, www.halloweencostumes.com/blog/p-566-diy-hocus-pocus-costumes.aspx. Teather, Charlie. â€Å"Netflix-Inspired Halloween Costumes That Will Have People Saying I Wish Id Thought of That!† Glamour: Netflix, 18 Oct. 2018, www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/gallery/netflix-halloween-costumes.

6 Essential Formatting Tips for Academic Papers

6 Essential Formatting Tips for Academic Papers 6 Essential Formatting Tips for Academic Papers Writing a good paper is one thing; making it look professional is another thing entirely. Yet the presentation of your work can affect its clarity, as well as creating a good (or bad) first impression for your reader. As such, formatting is essential. But Microsoft Word is a bloated, unwieldy beast of a word processor, with a huge array of options. Luckily, then, we’ve prepared this quick guide to the basics of formatting an academic document. 1. Headings and Styles The â€Å"Styles† in Microsoft Word are preformatted text styles that you can customize and use in your work, thereby ensuring formatting is applied consistently throughout a document. The Styles menu. Perhaps the most important are the â€Å"Heading† styles, as these also let you automatically generate a dynamic table of contents. 2. Give Yourself Space Tightly packed text is difficult to read, so make sure to use paragraph and line spacing effectively. Paragraph spacing refers to the gap between paragraphs in your document that appears when you hit return. Line spacing is the space between each line within a paragraph (many schools require papers to be double spaced). Line and paragraph spacing can both be adjusted via the â€Å"Paragraph† section of the â€Å"Home† tab. Adjusting line spacing. 3. What’s Your Alignment? As much as we’d love this to be about DD, we’re actually talking about text alignment (i.e. the way text is presented in a document). Left aligned, centered, right aligned and justified text. Generally, â€Å"Justified† looks neatest for the main text in a paper since it creates neat blocks, but you might want to use â€Å"Centered† or â€Å"Left† for headings. As with line and paragraph spacing, text alignment can be adjusted using the â€Å"Paragraph† options. 4. Marginal Interests If you check your college style guide, you might find that it specifies a size for the margins in your document. This can be adjusted via the â€Å"Margins† button on the â€Å"Page Layout† tab. Margin size, as well as other page layout options. If your style guide doesn’t offer any advice, we suggest around 1.5† for the left margin and 1† for the right margin. This looks tidy while giving plenty of space for feedback. 5. We’ve Got Your Number Ever printed a 20,000 word paper and then dropped the entire thing on the floor? If so, you’ll know how important page numbers can be for keeping everything in order. Basic page numbers can be added quickly via the â€Å"Page Number† menu in the â€Å"Insert† tab. For longer documents, you might also want to check out some of the advanced options. Adding page numbers. 6. Time for a Break Not a rest, silly goose. Page and section breaks. These let you start a new chapter on a new page, ensuring your document looks tidy whatever changes you make while editing. A page break simply begins on a new page, whereas a section break can also be used to apply different styles of formatting to different parts of a document. Both can be added via the â€Å"Breaks† menu on the â€Å"Page Layout† tab in Microsoft Word. Page and section breaks.

MKTG 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

MKTG 3000 - Essay Example This paper briefly analyses the marketing strategies I might have used to market iphone, if I was the brand manager. Some customers give more importance to the brand rather the product. Apple is currently the most reputed and valued technological brand in the world according to Kim (2010). Moreover apple products are selling rapidly all over the world because of the huge brand value of Apple Company. Brand images construct some symbols in the minds of the customers which help the movement of the product in the market. Even without testing or watching the demo, some people purchase Apple products because of their immense confidence and trust in the abilities of Apple. Under such circumstances, I was the brand manager; I would capitalize more on the brand value of Apple while marketing iphone directly to consumers. Most of the consumers in the world are still unaware of the fact that Apple has surpassed even Microsoft in market capitalization and brand value. â€Å"The amount of effort a consumer puts into searching depends on a number of factors such as the market, product characteristics, consumer characteristics etc† (Perner). Market is overcrowded with millions of products of same and different natures which made the customer’s task more difficult in selecting a suitable product for them. In such circumstances, they will put their trust on brands rather than the products. Many of the consumers are still unaware of the fact that Apple became the most reputed technological company in the world. Moreover, they surpassed even Microsoft in market capitalization. In short, iphone advertising should convey all the above messages to the consumers. The iPhone’s functions can be easily accessed through a touch screen display using mainly by the finger commands. The picture quality (25,000 pixels per inch) of iphone is one among the bests in the category of new generation mobile phones. Moreover its display brightness can be adjusted automatically and the

The use of vaginal examinations in assessing progress during the first Essay

The use of vaginal examinations in assessing progress during the first stage of labour - Essay Example During the first stage of labour, which begins with the onset of regular uterine contraction, it plays instrumental role in assessing the progress made in labour. It provides information about the cervical effacement and dilatation, descent , position and attitude of the fetus. But it may also give rise to certain problems like infections, premature stimulation of cervix, premature rupture of membranes and women find them uncomfortable. The approach used by midwives to vaginal exam further adds to the problems. While undertaking these exams, they become inconsiderate towards the feelings of the women and in their attempt to deliver a healthy baby ignore their professional ethics , which requires them to provide a supportive, encouraging atmosphere for birth, respectful of the woman’s wishes. Although midwives acquire enough skill through practice and experience to use external signs to gain knowledge about the progress, still they consider it the most accurate method. This study revolves around vaginal examination at the onset of labour. It attempts to find the reason behind the frequent use of these interventions to assess the progress during first stage, despite its problematic nature. This report explores the necessity and effectiveness of the vaginal exams in assessing the progress. It brings to notice the problems faced by the women from vaginal examination and from the methodology used by the midwives in conducting them. It considers the alternative techniques that can be used instead of vaginal examination. This study takes into consideration the results of various researches done on vaginal examination during the labour. Vaginal examination is a complete

Impact of federalist on U.S. constitution Essay Example for Free

Impact of federalist on U.S. constitution Essay The Federalist was at first published in New York newspapers with the precise intention of convincing the huge Anti-federalist population of New York to vote in support of the Constitution. Federalist’s thoughts were extensively used by federalists in other states as well. James Madison used this particular document to influence the solid Anti-federalist alliance in Virginia to support the ratification of the constitution. Eventually both states, Virginia and New York approved he constitution, but neither of these states were among the first 9 states who voted in favor, nevertheless the Constitution did go into effect without them sanctioning the proposed Constitution. On the other hand, the publication and collection of the essays into 2 separate volumes offered United States its very own exclusive and distinctive political philosophy. Keeping in mind that the Constitution was legitimately ratified by 9 of the 13 states, the number of votes needed, without the votes of New York and Virginia, it will not be wrong to make an assumption that the Constitution would have been ratified even without The Federalist.. The main significance of The Federalist in the 1788 events was like a sort of debaters handbook in Virginia and New York. Prints of the collected version were hurried to Richmond as to Hamiltons guidance and used positively by supporters of the Constitution in the climactic dispute over ratification. Therefore The Federalist’s recognition was obtained not from the proceedings of a single influential year, but rather from the entire pattern of American history. The Federalist looks like four books in one with an elucidation of the good things of federal government; a condemnation of the Articles of Confederation because of their failure to provide successful government, or to offer a lot in the way of government; an analysis and justification of the new Constitution as a mechanism of providing federalism and constitutionalism; and, illuminating these more realistic topics with an unexpected upsurge of intelligence, an exhibition of specific undergoing truths that give knowledge of both the threats and the satisfaction of free government. The Federalist is nearest to being an innovative piece of work for providing details about the federal form of government. The Federalist is worthy of receiving acknowledgment for the simplicity with which it maintains that â€Å"both levels of government in a federal system must exercise direct authority over individuals, that the central government must enjoy unquestioned supremacy in its assigned fields, and that federalism is to be cherished not alone for its contributions to peace within the land and security without, but for the firm foundation it provides for the enjoyment of individual freedom over a wide expanse of territory. † It could be said easily that The Federalist transformed federalism from a mere system into an article of faith, from a sporadic accident of history into a permanent illustration of the principles of constitutionalism. The pages, which reveal the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, today make an uninteresting portion for reading. However in 1787-88, the same pages made fascinating reading material and countless allies of the new Constitution respected The Federalist mainly because of its pitiless condemnation of the palpable defects of the subsisting Confederation. While indictment was something that had to be completed with force one cannot envy Publius for the joys he might have experienced in ‘beating a horse that may look dead to us but was very much alive to him. ’ And still in the some parts of Federalist numbers 15 to 22 there are concrete annotations on one of the key argument of The Federalist: the dreadful circumstance of a weak government in a disordered society. â€Å"Today, as all through the history of American constitutional development, a particular interpretation of some clause in that document can be given a special flavor of authenticity by a quotation from Publius. If he was understandably wrong in his interpretation of some details in the Constitution for example, in assigning the Senate a share in the power of removal and in giving a purely military cast to the Presidents authority as commander in-chief he was remarkably right about many more. Publius the constitutional lawyer, in the bold person of Hamilton, reached the peak of intellectual power and of historical influence in the breathtaking assertion of judicial review in number 78. †

Babe Ruth :: essays research papers

Babe Ruth During the roaring twenties, there were many outstanding baseball players. One of the best outstanding baseball players of all times was Babe Ruth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Babe Ruth was born on February 6, 1895, on the outskirts of Baltimore, Maryland. He was the son of a saloonkeeper, George Herman Ruth, Sr. At age seven he was placed in the St. Mary’s Industrial School for boys because his parents couldn’t control him anymore. After twelve years of basically being locked up he was released in 1914 so that he could play professional baseball.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One key person in Ruth’s life was Brother Matthias. Matthias encouraged George to play baseball. By age 12, he was already on the varsity team. Matthias pushed Ruth to be a right-handed catcher since there was no left-handed catcher’s mitt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Herman’s professional career started in 1914 when the Boston Red Sox picked him up as a left-handed pitcher. After 158 games, Ruth had a pitching record of 89-46 and had 3 World Series wins and no losses. When Ruth’s pitching career ended, he had a 2.28 earned run average and was just getting started with his all time hitting career. Babe Ruth set many hitting records in his 22 years of baseball. â€Å"The Babe† was given many new nicknames over the years. Some for example were: â€Å"The Sultan of Swat,† â€Å"The Callasses of Clout,† â€Å"The Great Bambino,† and â€Å"The Babe.† In 22seasons, he led the league 12 times with home run records. In 1921, Ruth had a record setting 60 homers, which no one broke until Hank Aaron in 1974. In 1935, George Herman Ruth hung up his uniform for the last time with leaving professional baseball. With 714 career homeruns and some great memories, The Babe led his team to The World Series in 1923, 1927, 1928, and 1932.

Mrs. Aesop by Carol Ann Duffy by Andrew Banks Essay

1. The poem â€Å"† is part of Carol Ann Duffy’s collection of poems, titled â€Å"The World’s Wife†. In this collection, Duffy wishes to highlight the fact that women have long been ignored and silenced throughout history. This is why all the poems in the collection are written from a female perspective. Duffy has created a literal version of an old saying, â€Å"behind every great man there is an even greater woman†. One of the poems in the collection, ‘Mrs. Aesop’, tells the story of a wife who is tired of her sermonizing, tedious husband, known as Aesop. Aesop was a storyteller who lived around the sixth century BC, in Greece. Many historical details surrounding him are missing, but it is thought that he was first a slave on the island of Samos and his fables came to be in a collection known as â€Å"Aesopica.† â€Å"Mrs. Aesop† draws on the fables to describe Aesop’s wife’s discontent and unhappiness, the p oem emasculating her husband. The major theme of this poem is to make apparent Mrs. Aesop’s transformation from the classic recessive wife with a dominant husband, to an empowered and confident woman that was able to have the last word. This is shown by lines such as, â€Å"That shut him up. I laughed last, longest.† This appears in the poem after Mrs. Aesop has mocked her husband’s impotence, with lines like â€Å"I gave him a fable one night/ about a little cock that wouldn’t crow†¦Ã¢â‚¬  mocking his masculinity whilst clearly referring to his genitalia. 2. Allusions are some of the many literary devices Duffy includes in her works to better deliver the messages of the female protagonists in â€Å"The World’s Wife.† An allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. For example, one would be making a literary allusion when stating, â€Å"I do not approve of such a quixotic idea.† Quixotic takes on the meaning of foolish and impractical, derived from Cervantes’s â€Å"Don Quixote†, a story about the misadventures of a doltish night and his cohort Sancho Panza. Many allusions are ones we use in our daily speech, such as Achilles’ heel – A weakness a person may have. Achilles was invulnerable excepting his heel or Achilles tendon. Pygmalion – Someone who tries to fashion someone else into the person he desires, originating from a myth adapted into a play by George Bernard Shaw. Casanova – a man who is amorous to women, based on the Italian adventurer.McCarthyism – modern witch hunt, the practice of publicizing accusations without evidence, made after Joseph McCarthy. Some allusions in the literature include when the character Horatio from Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† said â€Å"A mote it is to trouble the mind’s eye. In the highest and palmy state of Rome, A little ere the mightiest Julius fell, The graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (I.i.111-115) Here, Horatio is making a reference to the historical figure of Julius Caesar, in addition to one of Shakespeare’s earlier plays titled â€Å"Julius Caesar.† Another time when allusions are used are in songs, such as when Nirvana made their classic, â€Å"Scentless Apprentice†: Like most babies smell like butter His smell smelled like no other. He was born scentless and senseless He was born a scentless apprentice. this allusion is to Patrick Sà ¼skind’s literary work Perfume. The scent Nirvana is alluding to is actually the blood of the protagonist’s twenty killing victims. 3. When Duffy uses allusions in Mrs. Aesop, she mainly uses them in the text to show Mrs. Aesop’s unhappiness with her husband In the first line, Mrs. Aesop says â€Å"By Christ, he could bore for Purgatory†. This is an allusion to Christianity, with purgatory being the place after death where souls go to be cleansed of their sins. The implication here is that Aesop could make this experience even worse. Later in the first stanza, Duffy alludes to one of Aesop’s fables, when Mrs. Aesop puts her own twist on the lineâ€Å"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush† changing it to â€Å"the bird in his hand that on his sleeve.† By adding to his work in such a way, Mrs. Aesop is disrespecting both her husband and his work, revealing the emotion she had kept bottled up for some time. Lines such as â€Å"a tortoise, somebody’s pet,/ creeping, slow as marriage, up the road,† are a clear allusion to the tale of the Tortoise and the Hare. Mrs. Aesop uses the tortoise and hare to describe the agony of her marriage. With her cynical view Mrs. Aesop shows to her, the fable is nothing more than the reflection of a terrible marriage. When Mrs. Aesop says â€Å"I’ll cut off your tail, all right, I said, to save my face.† this is another reference to her own suppression by her husband and many other wives. This is so because the line alludes to an incident in America in 1993 when a frustrated wife sliced off her husband’s genitals in a moment of crazed revenge. Mrs. Aesop takes on a similar path to gain the upper hand on her husband, by disrespecting and revealing her true feelings about her husband. Allusions are a key literary device used to show Mrs. Aesop’s transition from a â€Å"traditional† oppressed wife to a dominant, independent woman.

Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and Powerpoint in the Business Enviornment.

In most work environments, Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and PowerPoint are being used on a daily basis. From being a Loan officer to a front desk cashier these three apps are very helpful in our work place. Microsoft Word is good with writing business letters and business cards, Excel is good with making spreadsheets or charts for your business, and lastly, PowerPoint is good with making presentation audio and visually. In the following paragraphs below I will explain why these three are most helpful and useful in the work place. For one, Microsoft Office Word is mostly used to writing business letters to their clients. From one paragraph or 4 pages it’s where they will have their letter written up and printed. There are also different tools like spell check and grammar, formatting tab, paragraph selection and etc. that also become useful. Business cards can also be used on Microsoft Word and then printed out which also is being used in the work place environment. (office Microsoft) Secondly, Microsoft Excel is mostly used because of its layout and widespread availability, it is often used as a tool to create and maintain a list. More users use it to store database records, create charts or graphs. A lot of organization uses excel to manage their budgets, business planning, customers records, business intelligence, analysis of sales data, customer data, performance dashboard, etc. (advanced excel) Lastly, Microsoft PowerPoint presentations utilize both audio and visual techniques, making for easier understanding. Normal teaching and training is interactive and more effective by using PowerPoint presentations instead of simple lectures. Many executives and managers use PowerPoint for this reason. Executives use this as a strategy to increase sales. Using PowerPoint in front of a potential client shows that you are up with the time. Plus, projecting charts that all can see also makes the presentation more interactive for the client. (powerpoints and apps) So all in all I hope you find Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint useful in the work place. Not only will it help you and your business be successful but also have that professionalism. ? Reference Microsoft office np November 1, 2011< http://www. baycongroup. com/powerpoint> Baptiste, Jason np November 1, 2011 < http://jasonlbaptiste. com/startups/microsoft-excel>

Get My IP With Delphi Programming

Get My IP With Delphi Programming Internet this and internet that. Everybody wants to be on the internet nowadays. Everyone wants to program internet nowadays. One of the most interesting tasks when starting to code for the internet is how to obtain the IP address of a computer connected to the internet. IP? TCP? Simply technical: the internet is built on TCP/IP connections. The TCP part describes how two computers set up a connection to each other and transfer data. The IP part primarily deals with how to get a message routed across the internet. Each connected machine has a unique IP address that allows others to figure out a path to any computer around the world wide web (or the world precisely). Uses Winsock To obtain the IP address of the computer you are using when connected to the internet, we need to call some of the API functions *defined* in the Winsock unit. Well create a GetIPFromHost function that calls several Winsock API functions in order to get the IP. Before we can even use WinSock functions, we must have a valid session. This session is created with the WinSock WSAStartup function. At the end of our function, a call to SAC leanup is made in order to terminate the use of the Windows Sockets APIs. To obtain the computers IP address, we must use GetHostByName in conjunction with GetHostName. Each computer is called a host and we can get the hostname with a special function call: GetHostName. We then use GetHostByName to get the IP-address, related to this hostname. Get IP Delphi.Project.Code Start Delphi and place one Button and two Edit boxes on a newly created Form. Add the GetIPFromHost  function to the implementation part of your unit and assign the following code to the OnClick event handler of a button (below): uses Winsock; function GetIPFromHost(var HostName, IPaddr, WSAErr: string): Boolean; type Name array[0..100] of Char; PName ^Name; var HEnt: pHostEnt; HName: PName; WSAData: TWSAData; i: Integer; begin Result : False; if WSAStartup($0101, WSAData) 0 then begin WSAErr : Winsock is not responding.; Exit; end; IPaddr : ; New(HName); if GetHostName(HName^, SizeOf(Name)) 0 thenbegin HostName : StrPas(HName^); HEnt : GetHostByName(HName^); for i : 0 to HEnt^.h_length - 1 do IPaddr : Concat(IPaddr, IntToStr(Ord(HEnt^.h_addr_list^[i])) .); SetLength(IPaddr, Length(IPaddr) - 1); Result : True; end else begin case WSAGetLastError of WSANOTINITIALISED:WSAErr:WSANotInitialised; WSAENETDOWN :WSAErr:WSAENetDown; WSAEINPROGRESS :WSAErr:WSAEInProgress; end; end; Dispose(HName); WSACleanup; end; procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var Host, IP, Err: string; begin if GetIPFromHost(Host, IP, Err) then begin Edit1.Text : Host; Edit2.Text : IP; end else M essageDlg(Err, mtError, [mbOk], 0); end;

Hybrid Car Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hybrid Car - Essay Example Another obvious advantage of a hybrid car is that it saves on gas. Using Hybrid cars, helps one save out on gas money as he doesn’t have to travel for long and can go for several miles by consuming relatively less fuel.Another Incentive of Owning a Hybrid car is that it helps reduce tax. In   January 2006, in accordance with the new Energy Policy Act, the federal government began awarding unprecedented tax credits to consumers who bought hybrid cars. Although they are gaining popularity slowly and steadily, they are still not completely successful. This is because the hybrid cars, like the Toyota Prius have received mixed reaction. The hybrid-electric car uses a battery and electric engine to increase gas mileage, to bring down emissions and fuel consumption. On the outskirts of it, it seems like these cars are better for the environment. However, if the cost of manufacturing is considered, The car is not a new invention. The history behind the car shows, how the entire idea of hybrid car was introduced. It was then scrapped due to efficiency constraints and Petroleum powered counterparts. The hybrid car came into being centuries ago. The first of the Hybid Vehicles was an Electricity powered Carriage created by Robert Anderson of Scotland. However, USA had already started taking interest in the these vehicles in the 1880s when the Electric Tricycle was created. By 1897, USA introduced its first Fleet of Electrically driven taxis, and by 1900, its was enjoying it’s the prosperity and popularity of the vehicles. The vehicles has all the attributes that diesel powered vehicles did not.   The electric vehicle was the preferred choice of many because it did not require a lot of manual effort to start, There were also no problems with a gear shifter. The Vehicles did not pollute the environment as they did not use diesel. They did not have a bad odor or the tendency to vibrate violently. And although the steam

Social Stratification, Race, and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Stratification, Race, and Gender - Essay Example For instance, I observed a couple laughing heartily when the elevator door opened but as soon as they go into the elevator the stopped laughing. Additionally, contrary to my earlier expectations, the female was standing quite close to the male which to me indicated a degree of comfort and intimacy. However, as soon as they got to the first floor (where they stepped off the elevator) they were laughing loudly again. This sudden break in laughter was one observed point which clarified to me that as soon as individuals get into an elevator their behavior changes in obvious ways. A second observation supports this idea since I was waiting for the elevator with a man who was listening to music through his MP3 player. As we were waiting I could observe him bobbin his head and tapping his feet (I presume it was done in time with the music) but as soon as the elevator doors opened he stopped his ‘dance’. In fact, while he and I were taking the elevator to go down, he did not resume dancing. I could not be sure of when he did resume the activity since he and I went our separate ways. Another thing which I observed was the way people deal with their appendages in an elevator. If a person is leaning against one of the walls of the elevator their legs would normally be crossed but only if the elevator is relatively empty. On the other hand, in a crowded elevator everyone stands up straight. Of course there is no rule for or against leaning with the wall but it is clear that the social norms which recommend that we make room for others are applicable in this case. Finally, I think there might be a gender difference in how people behave in elevators since I saw quite a few women fold their arms while taking an elevator ride. On the other hand, I frequently spotted men with their hands in their pockets as the elevator went up or down. I am not sure if